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Cognitive Evaluation Theory (CET- Deci 1975)〔Deci, E. L. (1975). ''Intrinsic motivation''. New York: Plenum.〕 is a theory in Psychology that is designed to explain the effects of external consequences on internal motivation. Specifically, CET is a sub-theory of Self-Determination Theory that focus on competence and autonomy while examining how intrinsic motivation is affected by external forces. CET uses three propositions to explain how consequences affect internal motivation: # External events set will impact intrinsic motivation for optimally challenging activities to the extent that they influence perceived competence, within the context of Self-Determination Theory. Events that promote greater perceived competence will enhance intrinsic motivation, whereas those that diminish perceived competence will decrease intrinsic motivation (Deci & Ryan, 1985).〔Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. (1985). ''Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior''. New York: Plenum.〕 # Events relevant to the initiation and regulation of behavior have three potential aspects, each with a significant function. ::: *The informational aspect facilitates an internal perceived locus of causality and perceived competence, thus positively influencing intrinsic motivation. ::: *The controlling aspect facilitates an external perceived locus of causality (a person’s perception of the cause of success or failure), thus negatively influencing intrinsic motivation and increasing extrinsic compliance or defiance. ::: *The amotivating aspect facilitates perceived incompetence, and undermining intrinsic motivation while promoting disinterest in the task. ::The relative salience and strength of these three aspects to a person determines the functional significance of the event (Deci & Ryan, 1985).〔 :3. Personal events differ in their qualitative aspects and, like external events, can have differing functional significances. Events deemed internally informational facilitate self-determined functioning and maintain or enhance intrinsic motivation. Events deemed internally controlling events are experienced as pressure toward specific outcomes and undermine intrinsic motivation. Internally amotivating events make incompetence salient and also undermine intrinsic motivation (Deci & Ryan, 1985).〔 ==Evidence for Cognitive Evaluation Theory == Many empirical studies have given at least partial support for the ideas expressed in CET. Some examples include: # Vallerand and Reid (1984)〔Vallerand, R. J., & Reid, G. (1984). On the causal effects of perceived competence on intrinsic motivation: A test of cognitive evaluation theory. ''Journal of Sport Psychology, 6'', 94–102.〕 found that college students' perceived competence and intrinsic motivation were increased by positive feedback and decreased by negative feedback. Further, a path analysis suggested that the effects of feedback on the students' intrinsic motivation were mediated by perceived competence. # Kruglanski, Alon, and Lewis (1972)〔Kruglanski, A. W., Alon, S., & Lewis, T. (1972). Retrospective misattribution and task enjoyment. ''Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 8'', 493-501.〕 found that tangible rewards decreased fifth grade children's intrinsic motivation for playing various games. The authors also attempted to measure whether or not children who received the rewards had an external locus of causality. They asked rewarded and non-rewarded children1 week after the treatment session for their reasons for playing the games. Of the 36 rewarded children, only 2 mentioned the reward as their reason. # Goudas, Biddle, Fox, and Underwood (1995)〔Goudas, M., Biddle, S., Fox, K., & Underwood, M. (1995). It ain’t what you do, it’s the way you do it! Teaching style affects children’s motivation in track and field lessons. ''The Sport Psychologist, 9'', 254–264.〕 tested this hypothesis with the use of different teaching styles in a physical education class. The students reported higher levels of intrinsic motivation when their track-and-field instructor offered them a number of choices throughout the lesson rather than controlling every class decision. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「cognitive evaluation theory」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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